Enforcement Challenges

Insufficient judicial expertise reduces the effectiveness of prosecutions and sentencing in wildlife crime cases. In the Caribbean, many judges and prosecutors receive limited training on wildlife laws, the seriousness of wildlife trafficking, or the complex evidentiary requirements needed for successful convictions. As a result, wildlife enforcement cases may be deprioritised, mishandled, or met with penalties that do not reflect the severity of the offence.

These gaps undermine the deterrent effect of wildlife enforcement and allow repeat offenders to operate with minimal consequence. When judicial officers are unfamiliar with the broader impacts of wildlife crime—such as biodiversity loss, public health risks, and socio-economic harm—sentencing may not match the gravity of the offence. This can weaken public trust in the justice system, reduce morale among enforcement officers, and embolden those engaged in wildlife trafficking.

Addressing insufficient judicial expertise requires targeted training programmes, the development of specialised legal resources, and stronger collaboration between enforcement agencies, prosecutors, and the judiciary. Regional exchanges, case study reviews, and the integration of wildlife crime into judicial training curricula can help ensure that court decisions contribute to stronger wildlife enforcement. By enhancing judicial capacity, the Caribbean can improve conviction rates, increase penalties for serious offences, and deliver a clearer message that wildlife crime will not be tolerated.